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| Cardiology Basics - Symptoms, Diagnosis and Interventional Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) |
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| INTRODUCTION |
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This module is designed to help you understand the common symptoms associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), the process of diagnosis and common interventional treatments of CVD. It is important not only to understand how a patient with CVD is diagnosed and treated, but also to recognize the symptoms suggestive of potential disease progression so as to obtain appropriate and timely patient care.
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| LEARNING OBJECTIVES |
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THE LEARNER WILL BE ABLE TO:
- Recognize and understand the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease (CVD) symptoms.
- Understand candidates for, mechanics of and information gleaned from various diagnostic tests for CVD.
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Understand candidates for and mechanics of various coronary interventions (i.e.: percutaneous
coronary intervention, coronary artery bypass grafting, pacemakers, automatic implantable
cardioverter defibrillator, valve replacement, cardiac transplantation).
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| CONTENT |
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- Symptomology
- ACSM’s Resource Manual for Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription 6th Edition
- Chapter 22 – Diagnostic Procedures for Cardiovascular Disease, pages 360-362
- Box 22-1 – Eight Symptoms of Heart Disease
- Box 22-3 – Differential Diagnosis of Chest Discomfort
- ACSM’s Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription 8th Edition
- Table 2.2 – Major Signs or Symptoms Suggestive of Cardiovascular, Pulmonary, or Metabolic Disease
- Accuracy of Diagnostic Tests
- ACSM’s Resource Manual for Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription 6th Edition
- Chapter 22 – Diagnostic Procedures for Cardiovascular Disease, pages 365-367
- Table 22-1- Comparison of Tests for Sensitivity, Specificity, and Predictive Accuracy
- Figure 22-2 - Diagnostic testing decision tree
- ACSM’s Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription 8th Edition
- Pages 145-146
- Box 6.2-Sensitivity, Specificity, and Predictive Value of Diagnostic Graded Exercise Testing
- Box 6.3-Causes of False-Negative Test Results
- Box 6.4-Causes of Abnormal ST Changes in the Absence of Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease
- Diagnosis and Treatment
- ACSM’s Resource Manual for Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription 6th Edition
- Pages 367-373-Imaging Methods
- Box 22-4-Candidates for Exercise Electrocardiographic Assessment
- Box 22-5-Candidates for Rest and Exercise Echocardiography Assessment With Echocardiography (Stress-Echo)
- Box 22-6-Candidates for Nuclear Myocardial Perfusion Imaging
- Box 22-7-Candidates for Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography
- Box 22-8-Cardiac Catheterization and Coronary Angiography
- Pages 112-117- Treatment for Cardiovascular Disease
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| LEARNING ACTIVITIES |
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- Visual Aids:
These links provide visual and/or written depictions of each of the following procedures
- Patient teaching tools
- Symptoms
- Unstable angina
- Become familiar with the patient education materials developed and/or used by your program (i.e.: heart anatomy
and procedures, bypass basics, etc).
- Case studies
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During the last two exercise sessions Dave has reported 5/10 chest pain and associated shortness
of breath while exercising in his target heart rate. During each episode of chest pain you had
Dave rest and his symptoms quickly resolved. You have managed to secure an appointment with Dave’s
cardiologist in 10 calendar days. What direction do you provide the patient in the meantime, how
would you prepare him for his appointment and the next possible steps in his disease management?
Check Answer
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| WANT TO LEARN MORE? |
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- Experiential Activities
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Attempt to obtain the opportunity to observe the following procedures: exercise stress test, echocardiogram,
thallium test and/or angiogram and others commonly done at your center.
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Explain angiography, angioplasty, bypass surgery procedures to a layperson (i.e.: a friend, neighbor or
family member who has no medical background or training).
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